Breeds six major dairy breeds are used in missouri. Cow breeds can be broken up into four purpose types. World there are over 264 million dairy cows worldwide, producing nearly 600 million tonnes of milk every year source faostat see table 1. Guernsey, canadienne, milking shorthorn and brown swiss comprise. During domestication, breeds have been developed to express certain desired characteristics such as high milk production, resulting in the dairy cows we see today in commercial farming. The brown swiss is one of the oldest breeds of dairy cattle, with records dating back to 4000b. North american dairy breeds breeds of livestock breeds. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as subsaharan africa, india, china, and southeast asia. The most popular breed of dairy cattle in the united states is the holstein.
You can also selectchange the breed you are viewing using the dropdown list in the header above. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we will aim to add that breed to the list. It is thought that cows can identify 5070 different cows4. These can be broadly classified into milch, draught and dual purpose breeds.
Apologies if we are missing information on a specific breed. Crowe1, miel hostens2 and geert opsomer2 abstract background. About 11 million milking cows csa, 2016 in the country and 99 % are indigenous type csa, 2011. The dairy sector is characterized by subsistenceoriented production, low use of technological inputs and underdeveloped markets for inputs, services and outputs despite large cattle population about 58 million heads and favorable climatic conditions. Jerseys are also known for their docile, easy temperaments. The animals most often included under the term are the western or european domesticated cattle as well as the indian and african domesticated cattle. That is, selection may have had much to do with making beef breeds different from dairy breeds, but it. The largest producer of milk is the usa producing over. Breeds can vary in coloration, size, the presence or absence of horns, overall hardiness and production uses. Rumination and the fermentation which takes place in the rumen allows dairy cows ruminants to turn low quality forages and human food byproducts into high quality food.
Selecting sires that simultaneously improve traits that are economically relevant to the dairy e. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and the origin. Earliest maturing dairy breed, producing on average 6,000 litres per cow per year. Read on to learn more about each of the breeds of dairy cattle. Lowcost, grassbased dairies often cannot support the high nutritional requirements needed by largeframed, highproducing cattle. The cows of milch breeds are high milk yielders therefore they are also called dairy breeds. Jersey herd register, volume 1, 1871 the jersey breed was developed so that dairy producers would have less cow to feed, more cow. Americas disappearing ancient heritage dairy cows the. Its that black and white spotted cow you see all around. When you think of a typical cow, you are probably thinking of a holstein. On jersey itself there are fewer than 6000 jerseys in total with nearly 4000 of these being adult milking cows.
According to the american livestock breeds conservancy, grassbased dairy farming is on the increase, and this necessitates a very different type of animal. Cattle, domesticated bovine farm animals that are raised for their meat, milk, or hides or for draft purposes. The following list of cattle breeds is a big list of breeds of cattle. Dairy cows have a hierarchical social structure and communicate by touch, smell, vocalisations and body language. Considerations for breeding dairy cattle to beef breeds for. Maybe you have a breed of dog called a golden retriever, and your friend has a breed called a beagle. Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beefdraft, dairy draft, beef dairy and beef dairy draft. Both are still dogs, but are different sizes, colors, and shapes. Candidate, food, agriculture and resource economics, jenna whytock, economics and finance lynn carty and sara wick, department of business university of guelph 50 stone rd. How to identify common breeds of dairy cattle farm and dairy.
About 9 million dairy cows occupy the nations rural landscape, and of those, 94 percent are the familiar blackandwhite holsteins, a breed so archetypal that even the cow. Dairy breeds ben krahn dairy research center oregon state university. Breeds used in the dairy industry are high milk producers that can differ in body size and maturity pattern. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and. Breeds of dairy cattle c ompared to beef cattle, few breeds of dairy cattle exist. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and their origins.
Drivers of change in dairy herd health management include the significant increase in herdfarm size, quota removal within europe and the increase in technologies to aid in dairy cow reproductive management. Pdf physiological changes and blood flow in different. Today, the jersey breed is the second largest breed of dairy cattle in the world. The global average for milk production is approximately 2,200 litres per cow source faostat 2012. However, to build a successful, sustainable milk dairy farming business, you require sufficient knowledge of how to. Prizewinning dairy cows can make even more milk than that. The highest monthly milk yield of dairy cows was noted in the third while for dairy beef and beef dairy type cows in the second month of lactation. But, their bullocks are of moderate type or of poor. Some of which adapted to the local climate, others that were raised by man for specialized uses. When starting a dairy farm, consider the following issues. The experiment was conducted on three breeds of dairy cows and the number of animal of different breeds was 74 haryana, 69 sahiwal and 1,187 crossbred cb during 2010 and 2011. Starting dairy farming business plan pdf startupbiz global. According to assaminew and ashenafi 2015, the average head of crossbreed cows was very high in urban than that of periurban dairy cattle production system and the total cattle heads which include cross and local breeds.
Reproductive management in dairy cows the future mark a. The milking shorthorn was identified as a dairy breed of cattle in 1968. Holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire, milking shorthorn and red and white holstein. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to the different varieties of cattle. The basic difference between humans and cows is how our stomachs function.
The sole office of the jersey cow, broadly speaking, is to produce the largest possible amount of rich and highlycolored cream from a given amount of food. The most common dairy breeds are holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire, and milking shorthorn. Breeding and genetics find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Known as the aristocrat of dairy breeds due to their size. These cattle are massive, with cows weighing well over 1,300 lbs. Parts of a dairy cow when describing dairy cattle, proper terminology is essential to be able to communicate properly with other individuals involved in the dairy industry. But the primary reason the jersey is the breed to build a dairy business on is. Lets explore the similarities and differences of these breeds and the ways they affect the dairy cattle industry. Originating in the alps of switzerland, brown swiss cattle were first imported to the united states in 1869 by henry m. The foreign breeds introduced are the holstein friesian, jersey, red dane and brown swiss.
This is the breed that is easily recognized for its distinct black and white pattern. Aug 22, 2017 about 9 million dairy cows occupy the nations rural landscape, and of those, 94 percent are the familiar blackandwhite holsteins, a breed so archetypal that even the cow emoji is a holstein. Increased water quality in streams increased fat and protein in grassfed milk products cleaner cows holmes et al, 2007 and glci, 2005 switching to grassbased dairy production provides other benefits as well, whether you choose to milk yearround or. Dairy cattle farming is a very profitable business, and many people are making money all over the world by starting dairy milk farming businesses. Pdf anatomical characteristics of dairy cattle are not equal for all breeds, meaning that the morphological traits of udder and teats could favor an. The core task of sustainable milk production is the conversion of forage into milk, dairy. Mar 11, 2016 dairy cattle are those breeds that produce larger volumes of milk for a longer period of time than other cows.
Dairy farming involves breeding cows, milking them, and selling the milk. Cattle breed types department of primary industries. Jersey cows are known for their adaptability, tolerance to heat and the ability to produce more milk per kilogram bodyweight with a higher butterfat content than any other breed. The government supported indian dairy establishment has focussed its energies on the cross breeding of existing cattle with foreign breeds. Economic analysis of dairy breeds which breed is the best elliott currie, associateprofessor, department of business jeff james, msc. The holstein breed is the most common breed in america. Dairy cattle management a well established and managed dairy farming enterprise can be a highly profitable undertaking. The primary objective of selecting a breed is to find cattle that will produce large amounts of milk over a long period. Its milk is also the highest in protein of the two main dairy breeds.
Dec 26, 2014 learn more about holstein dairy cattle and other major dairy cattle breeds in the united states. Humans are monogastrics, meaning we have a single stomach digestive system. Over breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide, some of which adapted to the local climate, others which were bred by humans for specialized uses cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Comparison of two different dairy cow types in an organic, low input. In the 1800s, each cow produced an average litres of milk annually. Milk processors also spend less to produce a pound of cheese, butter, or nonfat milk solids from jersey milk. Melissa elischer, michigan state university extension december 26, 2014 holstein cows are the most recognized breed of dairy cattle with distinctive black and white or red and white markings.
Select the dairy cattle breed you would like to know about from the list below. Often dairy breeds are combined with british breeds to produce specialist vealerproducing cows. Cows, simmental breed, body type, milk productivity, lactation, live weight. The 4 major common dairy cattle breeds in kenya, milk. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to many varieties of cattle. Working with dairy cattle is designed for youth interested in developing a dairy cattle project. The jersey breed, one of the oldest dairy breeds, has been pure for six centuries. Pdf morphological and milkability breed differences of dairy cows.
Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. The modern dairy cow a cow can live for around 20 years but in commercial systems she will be culled at 6 years old, on average3. With so many things to consider, well focus on identifying the most common dairy. Originating in tee river valley, england, the milking shorthorn was first imported to the united states in 1793, arriving in virginia as both a beef and milktype animal. In the united states today, there are 6 main breeds of dairy cattle. The jersey is the smallest breed of dairy cow, topping out at 1,200 pounds. Solid brown varying with very little light to dark.
Composite breeds can be a combination of two or more breeds. Mar 24, 2014 the jersey breed, one of the oldest dairy breeds, has been pure for six centuries. Review on breeding objectives and practices of dairy. The jersey, the second most popular breed of dairy cattle, is almost opposite of the holstein in almost every sense.
In the dairy shows at naile, special awards are given for highest milk production in pounds. Jerseys represent approximately 3% of all dairy cows and the remaining breeds ayrshire. Many factors influence milk yield levels in dairy cows e. A farmer depending on his unique situation or geographic location may choose cattle breeds with different characteristics for his herd.
Animal breeds the common breeds found in african dairy farms are the exotic ayshire, holstein fresian, jersey, guernsey, indigenous zebu, boran, ankole, fulani and. Dairy cow unified score card the dairy breed associations and dairy producers developed the dairy cow unified. Domesticated cattle are normally classified into two major groups, zebu bos indicus and european or temperate bos taurus. Indigenous breeds that traditionally have been kept in subsaharan africa, can cope well with the climate but does not give a high milk yield petersen. Types and breeds of african cattle food and agriculture. Pdf seasonal influence on milk production performance in. The changes in milk fat percentage and composition observed with the use of fat in diets of dairy cows are a reflection of the change in output of different fatty acids from the mammary gland. India possesses 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and seven breeds of buffaloes. Although the majority of indian cattle at present are nondescript, there are 26 well defined breeds of cattle and six breeds of buffaloes found all across the country. Dual purpose breeds are used only for beef in the united states. Crossbreeding for dairy cattle improvement in ethiopia was initiated in the early 1950s. Even though there are substantial physical and physiological differences between the two groups, they can be interbred readily to produce fertile offspring of both sexes. More than 800 breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide.
It was created to help young people build skills in selecting, raising, and managing a dairy heifer from a calf to a milking cow. There are seven commonly recognized breeds of dairy cattle found in the united states, so there should be a breed to meet your farms needs. The following are dairy breeds that have shows during the naile. These black and white cows are new zealands most common dairy cow, making up 45% of the national commercial milking herd. The friesian is a large cow, the biggest of the dairy breeds, reaching up to 500kg in adulthood or about the same average weight as a horse. While these traits are of importance to the dairy, they do not add value in the feedlot or to the carcass. Dairy cows are bred for their ability to produce milk from which dairy foods are made. Factors affecting the composition of milk from dairy cows. Lets look at the holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, milking shorthorn, ayrshire, and the red and white holstein. Identify the seven major breeds of dairy cattle utilized in milk production in the united states. Holstein foundation po box 816 brattleboro, vt 053020816 telephone.
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